Cytomegalovirus specific cell-mediated immunity status in women with preeclampsia: A case-control study

Authors
Roya Sherkat 1
Zahra Shahshahan 2
Maryam Kalatehjari 2
Majid Yaran 3
Maryam Nasirian 4
Somayeh Najafi 1
Neda Pari Zangeneh 3
Sahar Memar Montazerin 1
1 Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific complication, has been associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in observational studies. CMV-specific T cell response plays a major role in viremia clearance. We explored whether CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) status is associated with preeclampsia in pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: CMV-specific CMI was assessed using CMV-QuantiFERON (QF-CMV) assay in plasma serum of 35 women with preeclampsia as well as 35 normal pregnant controls, retrospectively. Participants were matched for gestational age in a 1:1 ratio. The proportion of reactive results, the mean value of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) level produced in mitogen and antigen tubes were compared between the cases and controls through Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, respectively. The odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated as well.
Results: No significant differences observed between demographic characteristics of the case and control groups. The QF-CMV assay turned reactive (QF-CMV [ + ]) Women with preeclampsia had lower mean IFN-γ levels in antigen tube compared with normal pregnant controls. There were no statistically significant differences in the value of mitogen tube between case and controls women with suppressed CMV-CMI were 6.3 times more likely to have preeclampsia. This result even strengthened after adjustment for age, gestational age, and gravidity.
Conclusions: Our findings support an association between suppressed CMV-specific CMI and preeclampsia.

Keywords

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Advanced Biomedical Research
Volume 2023, January
January 2023
Pages 1-5