Advanced Biomedical Research

Effects of different extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on Trichomonas vaginalis parasite in culture medium

Authors

1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Parasitology and mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Medical plant Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is considered one of the main causes of vulvovaginitis in women. Metronidazole with vast side effects is now the drug of choice for treatment of this infection. In an attempt to find an alternative drug, the effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis on this parasite was shown in previous studies. In this investigation, the effect of different extracts of this plant on T. vaginalis in culture medium has been investigated.
Materials and Methods: Five different extracts including total extract, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water fractions were prepared. The extracts were dried using vacuum rotary evaporator and then they were used for in vitro anti-trichomonas experiments.
Results: Crude extract of E. camaldulensis showed 80% growth inhibition (GI) in a concentration of 12.5 mg/ml during 24 h. Diethyl ether extract in a concentration of 25 mg/ml showed 100% GI during 24 h. With ethyl acetate extract, 100% GI was detected with the minimum concentration of 12.5 mg/ml in the first 24 h. Finally, water extract in a concentration of 50 mg/ml showed 80% and 100% GI after 48 and 72 h, respectively.
Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction is the extract which showed the highest percentage of GI (100%) with the least concentration (12.5 mg/ml) after 24 and 48 h.

Keywords

1. Nyirjesy P, Peyton C, Weitz MV, Mathew L, Culhane JF. Causes of chronic vaginitis: Analysis of a prospective database of affected women. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:1185-91.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2. Patel SR, Wiese W, Patel SC, Ohl C, Byrd JC, Estrada CA. Systematic review of diagnostic tests for vaginal trichomoniasis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2000;8:248-57.  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3. Petrin D, Delgaty K, Bhatt R, Garber G. Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998;11:300-17.  Back to cited text no. 3
    
4. Schwebke JR, Burgess D. Trichomoniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004;17:794-803.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5. Upcroft P, Upcroft JA. Drug targets and mechanisms of resistance in the anaerobic protozoa. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001;14:150-64.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6. Edwards DI. Nitroimidazole drugs-action and resistance mechanisms II. Mechanisms of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993;31:9-20.  Back to cited text no. 6
    
7. Grossman JH III, Galask RP. Persistent vaginitis caused by metronidazole-resistant trichomonas. Obstet Gynecol 1990;76 (3, Part 2):521-2.  Back to cited text no. 7
    
8. Vermani K, Garg S. Herbal medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;80:49-66.  Back to cited text no. 8
    
9. Brooker MI, Kleinig DA. Field guide to Eucalyptus. Northen Australia. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Melbourne: Blooming Books; 2004.  Back to cited text no. 9
    
10. Chevalier A. Encyclopedia of medical plants. St. Leonards, NSW: Dorling Kindersely Pty Ltd.; 2001.  Back to cited text no. 10
    
11. Takahashi T, Kokubo R, Sakaino M. Antimicrobial activities of Eucalyptus leaf extracts and flavonoids from Eucalyptus maculata. Lett Appl Microbiol 2004;39:60-4.  Back to cited text no. 11
    
12. Conner D. Naturally occuring compounds. In: Davidson P, Branen AL, editors. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1993.  Back to cited text no. 12
    
13. Mahdi N, Gany Z, Sharief M. Alternative drugs against Trichomonas vaginalis. East Mediterr Health J 2006;12:679-84.  Back to cited text no. 13
    
14. Yousefi H, Kazemian A, Sereshti M, Rahmanikhoh E, Ahmadinia E, Rafiaian M, et al. Effect of echinophora platyloba, stachys lavandulifolia and eucalyptus camaldulensis plants on trichomonas vaginalis growth in vitro. Adv Biomed Res; 2012 in press.  Back to cited text no. 14
    
15. Verma AR, Vijayakumar M, Mathela CS, Rao CV. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of different fractions of Moringa oleifera leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:2196-201.  Back to cited text no. 15
    
16. Moon T, Wilkinson JM, Cavanagh HM. Antiparasitic activity of two Lavandula essential oils against Giardia duodenalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Hexamita inflata. Parasitol Res 2006;99:722-8.  Back to cited text no. 16
    
17. Tonkal A. In vitro antitrichomonal effect of Nigella sativa aqueous extract and wheat germ agglutinin. JKAU: Med. Sci, 2009;16:17-34.  Back to cited text no. 17
    
18. Taran M, Rezaeian M, Izaddoost M. In vitro antitrichomonas activity of Allium hirtifloium (Persian Shallot) in comparison with metronidazole. Iran J Public Health 2006;35:92-4.  Back to cited text no. 18
    
19. Soffar SA, Metwali DM, Abdel-Aziz SS, el-Wakil HS, Saad GA. Evaluation of the effect of a plant alkaloid (berberine derived from Berberisaristata) on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2001;31:893-904.  Back to cited text no. 19
    
20. Samochowiec E, Urbanska L, Manka W, Stolarska E. Assessment of the action of Calendula officinalis and Echinacea angustifolia extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. Wiad Parazytol 1979;1:77-81.  Back to cited text no. 20
    
21. Wang HH. Antitrichomonal action of emodin in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1993;40:111-6.  Back to cited text no. 21
    
22. Ertabaklar H, Kivcak B, Mert T, Toz So. In vitro activity of Arbutus unedo leaf extracts against Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2009;33:263-5.  Back to cited text no. 22
 
Advanced Biomedical Research
Volume 2013, June
June 2013
Pages 1-4