Reasons for failure of immunization: A cross-sectional study among 12-23-month-old children of Lucknow, India

Authors

1 Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

2 Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

3 Department of Community Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Background: Roughly 3 million children die every year of vaccine preventable diseases and a significant number of these children live in developing countries. The present study was conducted to assess the reasons for failure of immunization among 12-23-month-old children of Lucknow city in India.
Materials and Methods: Out of all villages in rural areas and mohallas in urban areas of Lucknow district, eight villages and eight mohallas were selected by simple random sampling. A community based cross-sectional study was done among 450 children aged 12-23 months. The immunization status of the child was assessed by vaccination card and by mother's recall. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit information on reasons for failure of immunization. Data was analysed using statistical package for social services (SPSS) version 11.5. Chi square test was used to find out the significant association.
Results: Overall, 62.7% children were fully immunized, 24.4% children were partially immunized, and 12.9% children were not immunized. The major reasons for failure of immunization were postponing it until another time, child being ill and hence not brought to the centre for immunization, unaware of the need of immunization, place of immunization being too far, no faith in immunization, unaware of the need to return for 2 nd and 3 rd dose, mother being too busy, fear of side reactions, wrong ideas about immunization, and polio was considered only vaccine, and others.
Conclusion: More awareness should be generated among the people living in rural and urban areas to immunize their children.

Keywords

1. Singh P, Yadav RJ. Immunization status of children in India. Indian Pediatr. 2000;37:1194-9.  Back to cited text no. 1
[PUBMED]    
2. Nath B, Singh JV, Awasthi S, Bhushan V, Kumar V, Singh SK. A study on determinants of immunization coverage among 12-23 months old children in urban slums of Lucknow district, India. Indian J Med Sci 2007;61:598-606.  Back to cited text no. 2
[PUBMED]  Medknow Journal  
3. Sharma R, Desai VK, Kavishvar A. Assessment of immunization status in the slums of Surat by 15 clusters multi indicators cluster survey technique. Indian J Community Med 2009;34:152-5.  Back to cited text no. 3
[PUBMED]  Medknow Journal  
4. Yadav S, Mangal S, Padhiyar N, Mehta JP, Yadav BS. Evaluation of immunization coverage in urban slums of Jamnagar city. Indian J Community Med 2006;31:10-12.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5. Saxena P, Prakash D, Saxena V, Kansal S. Assessment of routine immunization in urban slums of Agra district. Indian J Prev Soc Med 2008;39:60-2.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6. Punith K, Lalitha K, Suman G, Pradeep BS, Kumar KJ. Evaluation of primary immunization coverage of infants under universal immunization programme in an urban areas of Bangalore city using cluster sampling and lot quality assurance sampling technique. Indian J Community Med 2008;33:151-5.  Back to cited text no. 6
[PUBMED]  Medknow Journal