Advanced Biomedical Research

Evaluation and comparison of zinc absorption level from 2-Alkyle 3-Hydroxy pyranon-zinc complexes and zinc sulfate in rat in vivo

Authors

1 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Although zinc sulfate has been used to improve disorders originated from zinc deficiency, its low compliance is due to gastrointestinal complications; therefore, other zinc compounds have been suggested as replacers for zinc deficient people. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the absorption of ethyl and methyl zinc-maltol with that of zinc sulfate to substitute zinc sulfate with those complexes.
Materials and Methods: After five weeks of being fed by zinc deficient food, zinc deficient rats were divided into four groups randomly receiving medicinal solutions of zinc sulfate, zinc ethyl maltol and zinc methyl maltol using feeding tube method for two weeks while the control was received distilled water. Serum zinc concentration and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) and LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) activity of rats were determined before and after the study. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 11.5. The study was conducted from 2008 to 2010.
Results: Serum zinc concentration and enzyme activity in all groups receiving drug solution increased. The most and least increase were in zinc sulfate and zinc methyl maltol groups, respectively. The difference between zinc methyl maltol and zinc sulfate group was significant (P < 0.05); however, this difference was not significant in the case of zinc ethyl maltol.
Conclusion: Zinc ethyl maltol can be a suitable and preferable substitute for zinc sulfate.

Keywords

1. Buritis CA, Ashwood ER, editors. Tietz fundamentals of clinical chemistry. 5th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Sandres Company; 2002.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2. Prasad AS. Zinc deficiency: Its characterization and treatment. Met Ions Biol Syst 2004;41:103-37.  Back to cited text no. 2
[PUBMED]    
3. Hambidge KM, Krebs NF. Zinc deficiency: A special challenge. J Nutr 2007;137:1101-5.  Back to cited text no. 3
[PUBMED]    
4. Hambidge KM, Casey CE, Crebs NF, editors. Trace elements in human and animal Nutrition. 5th ed. Olnaldo FLa, USA: Academic Press; 1986.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5. Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:S447-63.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6. Brown KH, Peerson JM, Rivera J, Allen LH. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:1062-71.  Back to cited text no. 6
[PUBMED]    
7. Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Brown KH, Gardner JM, Gore S, Hidayat A, et al. Zinc Investigators Collaborative Group. Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr 1999;135:689-97.  Back to cited text no. 7
[PUBMED]    
8. Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Brown KH, Gardner JM, Hidayat A, Khatun F, et al. Zinc Investigators Collaborative Group. Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: A pooled analysis of randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1516-22.  Back to cited text no. 8
[PUBMED]    
9. Fraker PJ, Gershwin ME, Good RA, Prasad AS. Interrelationships between zinc and immune function. Fed Proc 1986;45:1474-79.  Back to cited text no. 9
    
10. Black MM. Zinc deficiency and child development. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:464S-469S.  Back to cited text no. 10
[PUBMED]    
11. Adib A, Ghafghazi T, editors. Basic clinical pharmacology. 1st ed. Tehran: Mashaal Daneshjoo; 1991.  Back to cited text no. 11
    
12. Darren TC, Hugh AA. Maltol and methyl maltol: From the Larck tree to successful food additive. Food Technology 1989;78-84.  Back to cited text no. 12
    
13. Florence AT, Attwood D, editors. Physicochemical principles of pharmacy. London: Macmillan; 1981.  Back to cited text no. 13
    
14. Noorian S. Improvement the method of edible drug synthesis (L1). PHD thesis, Faculty of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan University of Medicine; 2001.  Back to cited text no. 14
    
15. Lonnerdal B. Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption. J Nutrition 2000;130:1378S-85S.  Back to cited text no. 15
    
16. Reihold JG. High phytate content of rural Iranian bread: A possible cause of human zinc deficieny. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;24:1204-19.  Back to cited text no. 16
    
17. Neishaboori SM. Evaluation of the synthesis of zinc complexes with probable effect on zinc deficiency improvement. PHD thesis, Faculty of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan University of Medicine; 2001.  Back to cited text no. 17
    
18. Guyton A, editor. Guyton physiology. 9th ed. Tehran: Tabib press; 1996.  Back to cited text no. 18
    
19. Ebrahimi Urimi S. Evaluation and comparison of zinc absorption level from ethyl and methyl 3-hidroxy pyran 4-en-zinc complexes and zinc sulfate in vitro. PHD thesis. Faculty of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan University of Medicine; 2001.  Back to cited text no. 19
    
20. Ebrahimi M. Synthesis and evaluation of 2-methyl 3- hidroxy pyran pyridine 4-en and Fe (III) complex absorption level Insitu in rat. PHD thesis, Faculty of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. Isfahan, Iran: Isfahan University of Medicine; 1999.  Back to cited text no. 20
    
 
Advanced Biomedical Research
Volume 2013, August
August 2013
Pages 1-4