Advanced Biomedical Research

Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri-derived biosurfactant on the gene expression profile of essential adhesion genes (gtfB, gtfC and ftf) of Streptococcus mutans

Authors

1 Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Dental Prosthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

4 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Streptococci are the main causative agents in plaque formation and mutans streptococci are the principle etiological agent of dental plaque and caries. The process of biofilm formation is a step-wise process, starting with adhesion of planktonic cells to the surfaces. It is now a well known fact that expression of glucosyltransferases (gtfs) and fructosyltransferase (ftf) genes play a critical role in the initial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the tooth surface, which results in the formation of dental plaques and consequently caries and other periodontal diseases.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, we have determined the effect of biosurfactants purified from Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM20016) culture on gene expression profile of gftB/C and fft of S. mutans (ATCC35668) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results: The application of biosurfactant caused considerable down-regulation of the expression of all three genes under study. The reduction in gene expression was statistically very significant (P > 0.0001 for all three genes).
Conclusions: Inhibition of these genes by the extracted L. reuteri biosurfactant shows the emergence of a powerful alternative to the presently practicing alternatives. In view of the importance of these gene products for S. mutans attachment to the tooth surface, which is the initial important step in biofilm production and dental caries, we believe that the biosurfactant prepared in this study could be considered as a step ahead in dental caries prevention.

Keywords

1. Frias J, Olle E, Alsina M. Periodontal pathogenesis produce quorom sensing signal molecules. Infect Immun 2001;69:3431-4.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2. Bowen WH, Koo H. Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: Role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res 2011;45:69-86.  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3. Marsh PD. Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes? Microbiology 2003;149:279-94.  Back to cited text no. 3
    
4. Paes Leme AF, Koo H, Bellato CM, Bedi G, Cury JA. The role of sucrose in cariogenic dental biofilm formation: New insight. J Dent Res 2006;85:878-87.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5. Jeon JG, Rosalen PL, Falsetta ML, Koo H. Natural products in caries research: Current (limited) knowledge, challenges, and future perspective. Caries Res 2011;45:243-63.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6. Koo H. Strategies to enhance the biological effects of fluoride on dental biofilms. Adv Dent Res 2008;20:17-21.  Back to cited text no. 6
    
7. Murata RM, Branco-de-Almeida LS, Franco EM, Yatsuda R, dos Santos MH, de Alencar SM, et al. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm accumulation and development of dental caries in vivo by 7-epiclusianone and fluoride. Biofouling 2010;26:865-72.  Back to cited text no. 7
    
8. Xiao J, Klein MI, Falsetta ML, Lu B, Delahunty CM, Yates JR 3 rd , et al. The exopolysaccharide matrix modulates the interaction between 3D rchitecture and virulence of a mixed-species oral biofilm. PLoS Pathog 2012;8:e1002623.  Back to cited text no. 8
    
9. Hardie JM. Oral microbiology: Current concepts in the microbiology of dental caries and periodontal disease. Br Dent J 1992;172:271-81.  Back to cited text no. 9
    
10. Loesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev 1986;50:353-80.  Back to cited text no. 10
    
11. Tanzer JM. Freedman ML. Fitzgerald RJ. Virulence of mutants defective in glucosyltransferase, dextran-mediated aggregation, or dextranase activity. In: Mergenhagen S, Rosan B, editors. Molecular basis of oral microbial adhesion. Washington, D.C: American Society for Microbiology; 1985. p. 204-11.  Back to cited text no. 11
    
12. Yamashita Y, Bowen WH, Burne RA, Kuramitsu HK. Role of the Streptococcus mutans gtf genes in caries induction in the specificpathogen-free rat model. Infect Immun 1993;61:3811-7.  Back to cited text no. 12
    
13. Islam B, Khan SN, Khan AU. Dental caries: From infection to prevention. Med Sci Monit 2007;13:196-203.  Back to cited text no. 13
    
14. Miller-Torbert TA, Sharma S, Holt RG. Inactivation of a gene for a fibronectin-binding protein of the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans partially impairs its adherence to fibronectin. Microb Pathog 2008;45:53-9.  Back to cited text no. 14
    
15. Tahmourespour A, Salehi R, Kermanshahi RK, Eslamid G. The anti-biofouling effect of Lactobacillus fermentum-derived biosurfactant against Streptococcus mutans. Biofouling 2011;27:385-92.  Back to cited text no. 15
    
16. Tagashira M, Uchiyama K, Yoshimura T, Shirota M, Uemitsu N. Inhibition by hop bract polyphenols of cellular adherence and water insoluble glucan synthesis of mutans streptococci. Biosci Biotech Biochem 1997;61:332-5.  Back to cited text no. 16
    
17. Taguri T, Tanaka T, Kouno I. Antimicrobial activity of 10 different plant polyphenols against bacteria causing food-borne disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2004;27:1965-9.  Back to cited text no. 17
    
18. Caglar E, Cilder SK, Ergeneli S, Sandalli N, Twetman S. Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic bacterium lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55739 by straws or tablets. Acta Odontol Scand 2006;64:314-8.  Back to cited text no. 18
    
19. Nase L, Hatakka K, Savilahti E, Saxelin M, Ponka A, Poussa T, et al. Effect of long term consumption of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental caries and caries risk in children. Caries Res 2001;35:412-20.  Back to cited text no. 19
    
20. Velraeds MC, Mei HC, Reid G, Busscher HJ. Inhibition of Initial adhesion of uropathogenic Enterococcus faecalis by biosurfactants from Lactobacillus Isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996;62:1958-63.  Back to cited text no. 20
    
21. Kuiper I, Lagendijk EL, Pickford R, Derrick JP, Lamers GE, Thomas-Oates JE, et al. Characterization of two Pseudomonas putida lipopeptide biosurfactants, putisolvin I and II, which inhibit biofilm formation and break down existing biofilms. Mol Microbiol 2004;51:97-113.  Back to cited text no. 21
    
22. Tugrul T, Cansunar E. Detecting surfactant-producing microorganisms by the drop collapse test. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005;21:851-3.  Back to cited text no. 22
    
23. Tam A, Shemesh M, Wormser U, Sintov A, Steinberg D. Effect of different iodine formulations on the expression and activity of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase in biofilm and planktonic environments. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;57:865-71.  Back to cited text no. 23
    
24. Allakera RP, Douglasb CWI. Novel anti-microbial therapies for dental plaque-related diseases. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009;33:8-13.  Back to cited text no. 24
    
25. Rodrigues LR, Teixeira JA, Olivera R. Low-cost fermentative medium for biosurfactant production by probiotic bacteria. Biochemical Engineering Journal 2006; 32:135-142.  Back to cited text no. 25
    
26. Rodrigous L, Teixeira JA, Mei HC. Oliveria R. Isolation and partial characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Streptococcus thermophilus A. Colloid Surf B Biointerfaces 2006;53:105-12.  Back to cited text no. 26
    
27. Uehara S, Mondena K, Nomotob K, Seno Y, Kariyama R, Kumon H. Pilot study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of Lactobacillus vaginal suppositories in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006;28S: S30-4.  Back to cited text no. 27
    
28. Velraeds MC, Mei HC, Reid G, Busscher HJ. Inhibition of Initial adhesion of uropathogenic Enterococcus faecalis by biosurfactants from Lactobacillus Isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996;62:1958-63.  Back to cited text no. 28
    
29. Bowen WH, Koo H. Biology of Streptococcus mutans- Derived Glucosyltransferases: Role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res 2011;45:69-86.  Back to cited text no. 29
    
30. Schilling KM, Bowen WH. Glucans synthesized in situ in experimental salivary pellicle function as specific binding sites for Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun 1992;60:284-95.  Back to cited text no. 30
    
31. Paes Leme AF, Koo H, Bellato CM, Bedi G, Cury JA. The role of sucrose in cariogenic dental biofilm formation--new insight. J Dent Res 2006;85:878-87.  Back to cited text no. 31
    
32. van Hoogmoed CG, van Der Kuijl-Booij M, van Der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans NS adhesion to glass with and without a salivary conditioning film by biosurfactant-releasing Streptococcus mitis strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000;66:659-63.  Back to cited text no. 32
    
33. Haukioja A, Loimaranta V, Tenovuo J. Probiotic bacteria affect the composition of salivary pellicle and Streptococcal adhesion in vitro. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2008;23:336-43.  Back to cited text no. 33
    
34. Tahmourespour A, Salehi R, Kasra Kermanshahi R. Lactobacillus acidophilus-derived biosurfactant effect on gtfB and gtfC expression level in Streptococcus mutans biofilm cells. Braz J Microbiol 2011;42:330-9.  Back to cited text no. 34
Advanced Biomedical Research
Volume 2014, August
August 2014
Pages 1-6