Normal bladder wall thickness measurement in healthy Iranian children, a cross-sectional study

Authors
Atoosa Adibi 1
Afarin Kazemian 2
Ali Toghiani 3
1 Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2 Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract
Background: Normal bladder function is necessary for micturition. Many causes such as urinary tract infection, bladder outlet obstruction, and neuropathic bladder can influence bladder wall thickness (BWT).This study was designed to determine normal BWT in Iranian children.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in Isfahan in 2012 comprising 82 children aged 2-14 years without any urinary complaint. We measured thickness of posterior and lateral walls of the bladder in all children. Mean bladder wall thickness (MBWT) and mean bladder volume (BV) were also calculated.
Results: In this study, we included 82 children (40 boys and 42 girls). Patients' mean age was 6.43 ± 2.89 years, mean weight was 21.32 ± 8.40 kg, mean height was 111.57 ± 20.51 cm, and mean Body Mass Index was 17.12 ± 4.93. Mean lateral bladder wall thickness (LBWT) was 1.75 ± 0.32 mm and mean posterior bladder wall thickness (PBWT) was 1.59 ± 0.34 mm. Mean BV was 111.65 ± 72.11 ml and MBWT was 1.67 ± 0.28 mm. BVW all Index (BVWI) was 1249.05 ± 701.67.
Conclusions: LBWT was1.75 ± 0.32 mm and PBWT was 1.59 ± 0.34 mm.

Keywords

1. Uluocak N, Erdemir F, Parlaktas BS, Caglar MK, Hasiloglu Z, Etikan I. Bladder wall thickness in healthy school-aged children. Urology 2007;69:763-6.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2. Sorkhi H, Navaeifar MR, Nooreddini HG, Navaee R, Shafee H, Hadipoor A. Sonographic measurement of bladder wall thickness in healthy children. Iran J Pediatr 2009;19:341-6.  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3. Sjöström S, Bachelard M, Sixt R, Sillén U. Change of urodynamic patterns in infants with dilating vesicoureteral reflux: 3-year followup. J Urol 2009;182:2446-53.  Back to cited text no. 3
    
4. Ural Z, Ulman I, Avanoglu A. Bladder dynamics and vesicoureteral reflux: Factors associated with idiopathic lower urinary tract dysfunction in children. J Urol 2008;179:1564-7.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5. Leonardo CR, Filgueiras MF, Vasconcelos MM, Vasconcelos R, Marino VP, Pires C, et al. Risk factors for renal scarring in children and adolescents with lower urinary tract dysfunction. Pediatr Nephrol 2007;22:1891-6.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6. Brierly RD, Hindley RG, McLarty E, Harding DM, Thomas PJ. A prospective controlled quantitative study of ultrastructural changes in the underactive detrusor. J Urol 2003;169:1374-8.  Back to cited text no. 6
    
7. Tanaka H, Matsuda M, Moriya K, Mitsui T, Kitta T, Nonomura K. Ultrasonographic measurement of bladder wall thickness as a risk factor for upper urinary tract deterioration in children with myelodysplasia. J Urol 2008;180:312-6.  Back to cited text no. 7
    
8. Oelke M, Höfner K, Jonas U, Ubbink D, de la Rosette J, Wijkstra H. Ultrasound measurement of detrusor wall thickness in healthy adults. Neurourol Urodyn 2006;25:308-17.  Back to cited text no. 8
    
9. Leung VY, Chu WC, Yeung CK, Metreweli C. Ureteric jet Doppler waveform and bladder wall thickness in children with nocturnal enuresis. Pediatr Res 2006;60:582-6.  Back to cited text no. 9
    
10. Hakenberg OW, Linne C, Manseck A, Wirth MP. Bladder wall thickness in normal adults and men with mild lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic enlargement. Neurourol Urodyn 2000;19:585-93.  Back to cited text no. 10
    
11. Birang S, Kafaee Z, SaneeiTaheri M, Shekarchi B. Normal values of mucosal thickness of bladder. J Army Univ Med Sci I.R. Iran (JAUMS) 2006; p. 781-4.  Back to cited text no. 11
    
12. Lu SH, Wei YH, Chang LS, Lin AT, Chen KK, Yang AH. Morphological and morphometric analysis of human detrusor mitochondria with urodynamic correlation after partial bladder outlet obstruction. J Urol 2000;163:225-9.  Back to cited text no. 12
    
13. Oelke M, Wijkstra H. Bladder wall thickness in healthy school-aged children. Urology 2008;72:233-4.  Back to cited text no. 13
    
14. Jequier S, Rousseau O. Sonographic measurements of the normal bladder wall in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;149:563-6.  Back to cited text no. 14
    
15. Leung VY, Chu WC, Yeung CK, Sreedhar B, Liu JX, Wong EM, et al. Nomograms of total renal volume, urinary bladder volume and bladder wall thickness index in 3,376 children with a normal urinary tract. Pediatr Radiol 2007;37:181-8.  Back to cited text no. 15
    
16. Kuzmiæ AC, Brkljaciæ B, Ivankoviæ D. Sonographic measurement of detrusor muscle thickness in healthy children. Pediatr Nephrol 2001;16:1122-5.  Back to cited text no. 16
Advanced Biomedical Research
Volume 2014, september
September 2014
Pages 1-4