The effect of hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of Moringa peregrina(Forssk.) Fiori. on blood pressure and oxidative status in dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats

Safaeian, Leila; Asghari, Gholamreza; Javanmard, Shaghayegh Haghjoo; Heidarinejad, Arman

The effect of hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of Moringa peregrina(Forssk.) Fiori. on blood pressure and oxidative status in dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats

Authors

¹ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

² Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

³ Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. is a tropical tree growing in southeast of Iran. All parts of this plant have nutritional uses and pharmacological activities. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of M. peregrina in dexamethasone (Dex)-induced hypertension in rats.
Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats received Dex (30 μg/kg, subcutaneously; s.c.) or saline (as vehicle, 1 ml/kg, s.c.) for 14 days. In a prevention study, the rats received M. peregrina extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, orally) for 4 days, followed by Dex for 14 days. In a reversal study, the animals received M. peregrina extract orally from day 8 to 14. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using tail-cuff method. The hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) concentration and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were assessed in plasma samples.
Results: Dex significantly increased the SBP and the plasma H ₂ O ₂ and decreased the plasma FRAP value (P < 0.001). M. peregrina extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg prevented (P < 0.01) but did not reverse Dex-induced hypertension in rats. It also dose-dependently reduced the plasma H ₂ O ₂ concentration and improved the FRAP value upon Dex administration.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated the antioxidant and partially antihypertensive effects of the hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of M. peregrina in Dex-induced hypertension. Further experiments on other fractions of the leaves and also other parts of this plant are suggested for better evaluation of its antihypertensive effect and finding its mechanisms of action.

Keywords

References

1.	World Health Organization. A global brief on hypertension 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. p. 1-39.
2.	D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: The framingham heart study. Circulation 2008;117:743-53.
3.	Turnbull F; Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: Results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomized trials. Lancet 2003;362:1527-35.
4.	Williams B. The changing face of hypertension treatment: Treatment strategies from the 2007 ESH/ESC hypertension Guidelines. J Hypertens Suppl 2009;27:S19-26.
5.	Tabassum N, Ahmad F. Role of natural herbs in the treatment of hypertension. Pharmacogn Rev 2011;5:30-40.
6.	Lakoa J, Trenerryb VC, Wahlqvista M, Wattanapenpaiboona N, Sotheeswaranc S, Premier R. Phytochemical flavonols, carotenoids and the antioxidant properties of a wide selection of Fijian fruit, vegetables and other readily available foods. Food Chem 2007;101:1727-41.
7.	Fatehi M, Saleh TM, Fatehi-Hassanabad Z, Farokhfal K, Jafarzadeh M, Davodi S. A pharmacological study on Berberis vulgaris fruit extract. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;102:46-52.
8.	Mohan M, Waghulde H, Kasture S. Effect of pomegranate juice on angiotensin II-induced hypertension in diabetic Wistar rats. Phytother Res 2010;24(Suppl 2):S196-203.
9.	Hopkins AL, Lamm MG, Funk JL, Ritenbaugh C. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: A comprehensive review of animal and human studies. Fitoterapia 2013;85:84-94.
10.	Khayyal MT, el-Ghazaly MA, Abdallah DM, Nassar NN, Okpanyi SN, Kreuter MH. Blood pressure lowering effect of an olive leaf extract (Olea europaea) in L-NAME induced hypertension in rats. Arzneimittelforschung 2002;52:797-802.
11.	Ghahreman A. Flora of Iran. Vol. 21. Tehran: Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications; 2001. p. 2578.
12.	Mozaffarian V. A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names. Tehran: Farhang Moaser; 1996. p. 219.
13.	El-Batran SA, Abdel-Salam OM, Abdelshfeek KA, Nazif NM, Ismail SI, Hammouda FM. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation on Moringa peregrina (Forssk) Fiori. Nat Prod Sci 2005;11:199-206.
14.	Dehshahri S, Wink M, Afsharypuor S, Asghari G, Mohagheghzadeh A. Antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. Res Pharm Sci 2012;7:111-8.
15.	Kohei MA, Hussein MA, Othman SM, El-haddad A. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Moringa peregrina seeds. Free Radic Antioxid 2011;1:49-61.
16.	El-Alfy TS, Ezzat SM, Hegazy AK, Amer AM, Kamel GM. Isolation of biologically active constituents from Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. (family: Moringaceae) growing in Egypt. Pharmacogn Mag 2011;7:109-15.
17.	Rouhi-Broujeni H, Heidarian E, Darvishzadeh-Broojeni P, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Gharipour M. Lipid lowering activity of Moringa peregrina seeds in rat: A comparison between the extract and atorvastatin. Res J Biol Sci 2013;8:150-4.
18.	Hajar AS, Gumgumjee NM. Antimicrobial activities and evaluation of genetic effects of Moringa peregrina (forsk) fiori using molecular techniques. Int J Plant Anim Environ Sci 2014;4:65-72.
19.	Ardiansyah, Yamaguchi E, Shirakawa H, Hata K, Hiwatashi K, Ohinata K, et al. Lupeol supplementation improves blood pressure and lipid metabolism parameters in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012;76:183-5.
20.	Jin BH, Qian LB, Chen S, Li J, Wang HP, Bruce IC, et al. Apigenin protects endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat aorta against oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2009;616:200-5.
21.	Edwards RL, Lyon T, Litwin SE, Rabovsky A, Symons JD, Jalili T. Quercetin reduces blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. J Nutr 2007;137:2405-11.
22.	Dangi S, Jolly CI, Narayanan S. Antihypertensive activity of the total alkaloids from the leaves of Moringa olifera. Pharmacol Biol 2002;40:144-8.
23.	Minaiyan M, Ghannadi A, Etemad M, Mahzuni P. A study of the effects of Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince) on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Res Pharm Sci 2012;7:103-10.
24.	Zhang Y, Wu JH, Vickers JJ, Ong SL, Temple SE, Mori TA, et al. The role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in adrenocorticotrophic hormone and dexamethasone-induced hypertension. J Hypertens 2009;27:1609-16.
25.	Jaiswal D, Kumar Rai P, Kumar A, Mehta S, Watal G. Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves aqueous extract therapy on hyperglycemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;123:392-6.
26.	Ong SL, Vickers JJ, Zhang Y, McKenzie KU, Walsh CE, Whitworth JA. Role of xanthine oxidase in dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007;34:517-9.
27.	Wolf SP. Ferrous ion oxidation in the presence of ferric ion indicator xylenol orange for measurement of hydroperoxides. Methods Enzymol 1994;233:182-9.
28.	Benzie IF, Strain JJ. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996;239:70-6.
29.	Ong SL, Zhang Y, Whitworth JA. Mechanisms of dexamethasone-induced hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rev 2009;5:61-74.
30.	Safaeian L, Zabolian H. Antioxidant effects of bovine lactoferrin on dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rat. ISRN Pharmacol 2014;2014:943523.
31.	Safaeian L, Zabolian H. Antihypertensive effect of lactoferrin on dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rat. J Isfahan Med Sch 2013;31:1096-104.
32.	Zhang Y, Croft KD, Mori TA, Schyvens CG, McKenzie KU, Whitworth JA. The antioxidant tempol prevents and partially reverses dexamethasone-induced hypertension in the rat. Am J Hypertens 2004;17:260-5.
33.	Osman HE, Abohassan AA. Morphological and analytical characterization of Moringa peregrina populations in western Saudi Arabia. Int J Theor Appl Sci 2012;4:174-84.
34.	Akbar S, Al-Yahya MA. Screening of Saudi plants for phytoconstituents, pharmacological and antimicrobial properties. Aust J Med Herb 2011;23:76-87.
35.	Afsharypuor S, Asghari Gh, Mohagheghzadeh A, Dehshahri S. Volatile constituents of the seed kernel and leaf of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori, Agricolt. cultivated in Chabahar (Iran). Iran J Pharm Sci 2010;6:141-4.
36.	Bartosz M, Kedziora J, Bartosz G. Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of captopril and enalapril. Free Radic Biol Med 1997;23:729-35.
37.	Michel C, Cabanac M. Effects of dexamethasone on the body weight set point of rats. Physiol Behav 1999;68:145-50.
38.	Lerario DD, Ferreira SR, Miranda EL, Chacra AR. Influence of dexamethasone and weight loss on the regulation of serum leptin levels in obese individuals. Brazil J Med Biol Res 2001;34:479-87.
39.	Jain PG, Patil SD, Haswani NG, Girase MN, Surana SJ. Hypolipidemic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in albino rats. Brazil J Pharmacogn 2010;20:969-73.

Advanced Biomedical Research