Comparing the Frequency of Endometritis in Unexplained Infertility and Anovulatory Infertility

Background: Acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common reason for infertility. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency distribution of endometritis in women with unexplained infertility and comparison with frequency distribution of endometritis in anovulatory infertility to identify the importance of endometritis due to subacute PID evaluation in the case of infertility. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was done on 100 women with unexplained infertility and ovulatory infertility who referred to Shahid Beheshti clinic in 2013 in Isfahan, Iran. They were divided into two groups of unexplained infertility and anovulatory infertility. Endometrial samples were given from all the patients by Pipelle biopsy under sterile conditions, and then prepared samples were sent to the pathology laboratory to evaluate the existence of plasma cells by a pathologist to diagnose endometritis. Results: Frequency distribution of acute PID history among the patients in both groups showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). Prevalence of endometritis in unexplained infertility group was 34% and in anovulatory group was 21% (P < 0.05). Prevalence of vaginitis was 46% in unexplained group and 40% in anovulatory group (P < 0.05), and prevalence of PID was 4% in unexplained infertility group and 0% in anovulatory infertility group. Conclusion: The prevalence of endometritis and vaginitis was more in the unexplained infertility group rather than the anovulatory infertility group that may reveal the importance of endometritis evaluation in the cases of unexplained infertility.