Cytotoxic Screening of Marine Organisms from Persian Gulf

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Isfahan Pharmacy Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

3 Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

4 Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Marine organisms produce a variety of compounds with pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects. They contain several secondary metabolites with interesting biological activities. This study attempted to find cytotoxicity of Hexane, Dichloromethane and Butanol partitions of Holothuria leucospilota and Echinometra mathaeiMaterials and Methods: H. leucospilota and E. mathaei were collected from Persian Gulf. The animals were extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate (1:1). The H. leucospilota extract was partitioned by Kupchan method to hexane, dichloromethane, butanol, and water partitions. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was investigated against HeLa (cervical cancer) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells cell lines by mitochondrial tetrazolium test assay after 72 h. Results: The cell survivals of HeLa cell were decreased by increasing the concentration of extracts. A significant reduction in cell viability at the doses of 30 (μg/ml) of dichloromethane (DCM) partition, 0.3, 3, and 30 (μg/ml) of ButOH partitions of sea cucumber, and 0.5 (μg/ml) of E. mathaei was observed. The median growth inhibitory concentration value of Hex, DCM, ButoH, and water partitions were 0.301, 0.21, 2.29, and 0.229 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: This study reveals that different partitions of H. leucospilota and total extract of E. mathaei have cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines. More study is necessary to find the active metabolites in the more active partitions.

Keywords

1.
World Cancer Report 2014 in Stewart and Wild Ed. International Agency for Research on Cancer. France: WHO Press, IARC Publisher; 2014.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2.
Gulland A. Global cancer prevalence is growing at “alarming pace,” says WHO. BMJ 2014;348:g1338.  Back to cited text no. 2
[PUBMED]    
3.
Schwartsmann G. Marine organisms and other novel natural sources of new cancer drugs. Ann Oncol 2000;11 Suppl 3:235-43.  Back to cited text no. 3
[PUBMED]    
4.
Schwartsmann G, Brondani da Rocha A, Berlinck RG, Jimeno J. Marine organisms as a source of new anticancer agents. Lancet Oncol 2001;2:221-5.  Back to cited text no. 4
[PUBMED]    
5.
Blunt JW, Copp BR, Hu WP, Munro MH, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR, et al. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2007;24:31-86.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6.
Ghannadi A, Plubrukarn A, Zandi K, Sartavi K, Yegdaneh A. Screening for antimalarial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of some Iranian seaweeds. Res Pharm Sci 2013;8:113-8.  Back to cited text no. 6
[PUBMED]    
7.
Newman DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981-2002. J Nat Prod 2003;66:1022-37.  Back to cited text no. 7
[PUBMED]    
8.
Yegdaneh A, Putchakarn S, Yuenyongsawad S, Ghannadi A, Plubrukarn A. 3-oxoabolene and 1-oxocurcuphenol, aromatic bisabolanes from the sponge Myrmekioderma sp. Nat Prod Commun 2013;8:1355-7.  Back to cited text no. 8
[PUBMED]    
9.
Venter JC, Remington K, Heidelberg JF, Halpern AL, Rusch D, Eisen JA, et al. Environmental genome shotgun sequencing of the sargasso sea. Science 2004;304:66-74.  Back to cited text no. 9
[PUBMED]    
10.
Williams DH, Stone MJ, Hauck PR, Rahman SK. Why are secondary metabolites (natural products) biosynthesized? J Nat Prod 1989;52:1189-208.  Back to cited text no. 10
[PUBMED]    
11.
Firn RD, Jones CG. Natural products – A simple model to explain chemical diversity. Nat Prod Rep 2003;20:382-91.  Back to cited text no. 11
[PUBMED]    
12.
Sohrabipour J, Rabiei R. The checklist of green algae of the Iranian coastal lines of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Iran J Bot 2007;13:146-9.  Back to cited text no. 12
    
13.
Kupchan SM, Tsou G. Tumor inhibitors. LXXXI, structure and partial synthesis of fabacein. J Org Chem 1973;38:178.  Back to cited text no. 13
    
14.
Mehdinezhad N, Ghannadi A, Yegdaneh A. Phytochemical and biological evaluation of some Sargassum species from Persian Gulf. Res Pharm Sci 2016;11:243-9.  Back to cited text no. 14
[PUBMED]    
15.
Yegdaneh A, Ghannadi A, Dayani L. Chemical constituents and biological activities of two Iranian Cystoseira species. Res Pharm Sci 2016;11:311-7.  Back to cited text no. 15
[PUBMED]    
16.
Ameri A. Marine microbial natural products. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2014;9:e24716.  Back to cited text no. 16
[PUBMED]    
17.
Nobili S, Lippi D, Witort E, Donnini M, Bausi L, Mini E, et al. Natural compounds for cancer treatment and prevention. Pharmacol Res 2009;59:365-78.  Back to cited text no. 17
[PUBMED]    
18.
Prado MP, Torres YR, Berlinck RG, Desiderá C, San-Chez MA, Craveiro MV, et al. Effects of marine organ-isms extracts on microtubule integrity and cell cycle pro-gression in cultured cells. J Exp Mar Bio Ecol 2004;313:125-37.  Back to cited text no. 18
    
19.
Sheean PD, Hodges LD, Kalafatis N, Wright PF, Wynne PM, Whitehouse MW, et al. Bioactivity of extracts from gonadal tissue of the edible Australian purple sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma. Sci Food Agric 2007;87:694-701.  Back to cited text no. 19
    
20.
Aydın M, Sevgili H, Tufan B, Emre Y, Köse S. Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three different fresh and dried commercial sea cucumbers from Turkey. International journal of food science & technology. 2011;46(3):500-8.  Back to cited text no. 20
    
21.
Conand C, Byrne M. A review of recent developments in the world sea cucumber fisheries. Oceanographic Lit Rev 1995;7:570.  Back to cited text no. 21
    
22.
Weiss KR, McFarling UL, Loomis R. Plague of plastic chokes the seas. Los Angeles Times. 2006;2:2.  Back to cited text no. 22
    
23.
Zhang SY, Tang HF, Yi YH. Cytotoxic triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber Pseudocolochirus violaceus. Fitoterapia 2007;78:283-7.  Back to cited text no. 23
[PUBMED]    
24.
Zou ZR, Yi YH, Wu HM, Wu JH, Liaw CC, Lee KH, et al. Intercedensides A-C, three new cytotoxic triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber mensamaria intercedens lampert. J Nat Prod 2003;66:1055-60.  Back to cited text no. 24
    
25.
Althunibat OY, Hashim RB, Taher M.In vitro antiox-idant and antiproliferative activities of three Malaysian sea cucumber species. Eur J Sci Res 2009;37:376-87.  Back to cited text no. 25
    
26.
Mutee AF, Salhimi SM, Ghazali FC, Al-Hassan FM, Lim CH, Ibrahim K, et al. Apoptosis induced in human breast cancer cell line by Acanthaster planci starfish ex-tract compared to tamoxifen. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2012;6:129-34.  Back to cited text no. 26
    
27.
Andersson L, Bohlin L, Iorizzi M, Riccio R, Minale L, Moreno-López W, et al. Biological activity of saponins and saponin-like compounds from starfish and brittle-stars. Toxicon 1989;27:179-88.  Back to cited text no. 27
    
28.
Prabhu K, Bragadeeswaran S. Biological properties of brittle star Ophiocnemis marmorata collected from Para-ngipettai, Southeast coast of India. J Microbiol Antimicrob 2013;5:110-8.  Back to cited text no. 28