Assessment of the Relationship between Nutritional Knowledge and Anthropometric Indices in Isfahan Children and Adolescent

Shahsanai, Armindokht; Farajzadegan, Ziba; Sichani, Zahra Hadi; Heidari, Kamal; Omidi, Razieh

Assessment of the Relationship between Nutritional Knowledge and Anthropometric Indices in Isfahan Children and Adolescent

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

² Research Center for Social Factors Affecting Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

³ Department of Health, Adolescents, Youth and Schools, Department of Health and Occupational Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Anthropometric indices are one of the ways to assess physical growth and nutritional status of children and adolescents considering the importance of nutrition in children and the role of healthy nutrition in preventing diabetes, obesity and other chronic diseases, the objective of this study is determine the relationship between nutritional knowledge and anthropometric indices in children and adolescents in Isfahan. Materials and Methods: This survey conducted using multistage cluster sampling on 1776 students aged 15–7 years old in Esfahan province in 2015. Nutritional knowledge was measured by questionnaire and height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were measured as anthropometric index. Pearson and Spearman coefficients, regression, and T Independent were used to analyze the data; regression analysis was used to adjust the variables. Results: The mean age of students were 12.6 ± 1.9 years. About 50.3% of students were male, and most of them were studying in 5^th grade of elementary school (23.8%). Most of them had normal status in terms of BMI (60.6%) and height (77.8%). There was no significant relationship between the level of BMI and height of children and adolescents, and the total score of nutritional knowledge and its domains (P > 0.05), direct and significant relationship was found between nutritional knowledge in two domains of meals and food habits and age. Conclusion: As no relationship between nutritional knowledge and anthropometric index in our study, other factors are effective in this regard, and studies are required to be conducted to examine the nutritional attitude and performance, in addition to knowledge.

Keywords

References

1.	American Medical Association. Adopts New Policies on Second Day of Voting at Annual Meeting; 2013. Available from: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/news/news/2013/2013-06-18-new-ama-policies-annual-meeting.page. [Last accessed on 2014 Apr 07].
2.	Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014;384:766-81. [PUBMED]
3.	Stevens GA, Singh GM, Lu Y, Danaei G, Lin JK, Finucane MM, et al. National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences. Popul Health Metr 2012;10:22. [PUBMED]
4.	Schiel R, Kaps A, Bieber G, Kramer G, Seebach H, Hoffmeyer A, et al. Identification of determinants for weight reduction in overweight and obese children and adolescents. J Telemed Telecare 2010;16:368-73.
5.	Pulgarón ER. Childhood obesity: A review of increased risk for physical and psychological comorbidities. Clin Ther 2013;35:A18-32.
6.	Berenson G, Srinivasan S, Chen W, Li S, Patel D, Bogalusa Heart Study Group, et al. Racial (black-white) contrasts of risk for hypertensive disease in youth have implications for preventive care: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Ethn Dis 2006;16:S4-2-9.
7.	Serdula MK, Ivery D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Byers T, et al. Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med 1993;22:167-77.
8.	Harvey-Berino J, Hood V, Rourke J, Terrance T, Dorwaldt A, Secker-Walker R, et al. Food preferences predict eating behavior of very young Mohawk children. J Am Diet Assoc 1997;97:750-3.
9.	Ben-Noun LL, Laor A. Relationship between changes in neck circumference and cardiovascular risk factors. Exp Clin Cardiol 2006;11:14-20.
10.	Esmaillzadeh A, Mirmiran P, Azadbakht L, Azizi F. Changes in overweight prevalence among Tehrani children and adolescents: Comparison of three different definitions. Razi J Med Sci 2006;13:19-30.
11.	Shahgholian N, Aieen F, Daris F. The ninetieth percentile (BMI) and some risk factors of obesity in children 7-12 year's old province of Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari. Shahrekord 2002;1:42-8.
12.	Ramezankhani A, Dolati MR, Khodakarim S. The study on relationship between education, employment and economic status of parents with overweight and obesity in students of primary schools in different parts of Tehran, 2012. Iran J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2013;7:197-205.
13.	Jolly K, Daley A, Adab P, Lewis A, Denley J, Beach J, et al. Arandomised controlled trial to compare a range of commercial or primary care led weight reduction programmes with a minimal intervention control for weight loss in obesity: The lighten up trial. BMC Public Health 2010;10:439.
14.	Mesas AE, Guallar-Castillón P, León-Muñoz LM, Graciani A, López-García E, Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, et al. Obesity-related eating behaviors are associated with low physical activity and poor diet quality in Spain. J Nutr 2012;142:1321-8.
15.	Jolaee S, Mehrdad N, Bahrani N, Moradi Kalboland M. A comparative investigation on health behaviors of students in primary schools with and without health educator. J Hayat 2004;10:55-62.
16.	Magarey AM, Daniels LA, Boulton TJ, Cockington RA. Predicting obesity in early adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003;27:505-13.
17.	Kelishadi R, Pour MH, Sarraf-Zadegan N, Sadry GH, Ansari R, Alikhassy H, et al. Obesity and associated modifiable environmental factors in Iranian adolescents: Isfahan healthy heart program – Heart health promotion from childhood. Pediatr Int 2003;45:435-42.
18.	Zamani Alavijeh F, Soghrat Faghihzadeh, Fatemeh Sadeghi. Application of the health belief model for unhealthy eating prevention among primary school children in Arak/Iran (2004-2005). JOURNAL OF KERMANSHAH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (BEHBOOD). 2008;11:352-67. [Persian].
19.	Azad-Bakht L, Mirmiran P, Momenan AA, Azizi F. Knowledge, attitude and practice of guidance school and high school students in district-13 of Tehran about healthy diet. Iran J Endocrinol Metab 2004;5:409-16.
20.	Naeeni MM, Jafari S, Fouladgar M, Heidari K, Farajzadegan Z, Fakhri M, et al. Nutritional knowledge, practice, and dietary habits among school children and adolescents. Int J Prev Med 2014;5:S171-8.
21.	Barlow SE; Expert Committee. Expert committee recommendations regarding the prevention, assessment, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity: Summary report. Pediatrics 2007;120 Suppl 4:S164-92.
22.	Safarjani F, Golestan B, Derakhshani K, Rustaee R, Rasooli B. Are adolescent girls enjoying anatomical status and nutritional knowledge? Pejuhandeh J 2005;10:9-15.
23.	Nasiry Zarrin Ghabaee D, Khalatbary A, Rajabzade R, Abbaspour H, Kameli A. Relationship between food habits with body mass index (BMI) and fat distribution (WHR) in high school girls in Bojnurd. J North Khorasan Univ Med Sci 2015;6:925-34.
24.	Lynch W, Eppers K, Sherrodd J. Eating attitudes of native American and white female adolescents: A comparison of BMI- and age-matched groups. Ethn Health 2004;9:253-66.
25.	Girois SB, Kumanyika SK, Morabia A, Mauger E. A comparison of knowledge and attitudes about diet and health among 35- to 75-year-old adults in the United States and Geneva, Switzerland. Am J Public Health 2001;91:418-24.
26.	Mortazavi Z, Roudbari M. Breakfast consumption and body mass index in primary, secondary and high school boys in Zahedan 2005-2006. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2010;12:345-51.
27.	Weker H. Simple obesity in children. A study on the role of nutritional factors. Med Wieku Rozwoj 2006;10:3-191.
28.	Ghanbari S, Ayatollahi SM. Comparing the role of standard references on the prevalence of Iranian children and adolescents' overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of research in medical sciences: The official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2016;21:121.
29.	Ramazan Khani D, Hosseinpour KH. The Relationship between the level of education, employment and the economic status of parents and obesity and overweight in students of schools in different districts of Tehran in 2012. J Nutr Sci Food Ind Iran 2013;7:197-205.
30.	Contento IR, Randell JS, Basch CE. Review and analysis of evaluation measures used in nutrition education intervention research. J Nutr Educ Behav 2002;34:2-5.

Advanced Biomedical Research