Serum Zinc Level and Eating Behaviors in Children Receiving Zinc Supplements without Physician Prescription

Pourmirzaiee, Mohammad Ali; Chehrazi, Samaneh; Heidari-Beni, Motahar; Kelishadi, Roya

Serum Zinc Level and Eating Behaviors in Children Receiving Zinc Supplements without Physician Prescription

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

² Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the serum zinc level and eating behaviors in 2–8-year-old children with and without arbitrarily zinc supplementation. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted from December 2015 to December 2017 in Isfahan, Iran. The case group consisted of seventy children, aged 2–8 years, who have received zinc supplement without physician prescription; the controls were an equal number of age-matched children who did not receive any supplement. The serum zinc level was measured, and eating behaviors were identified using Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Results: There was no significant difference in serum zinc level between two groups (P = 0.18). Some differences in CEBQ subscales were identified between the groups studied. In the control group, the subscale of enjoyment of food was higher than the case group (P < 0.001). In the case group, the subscales of food fussiness and satiety responsiveness were higher than controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, serum zinc levels were not significantly different between the two groups, and arbitrarily zinc supplementation does not play an important role in improving anorexia subscales.

Keywords

References

1.	Kawade R. Zinc status and its association with the health of adolescents: A review of studies in India. Glob Health Action 2012;5:7353.
2.	Aggarwal R, Sentz J, Miller MA. Role of zinc administration in prevention of childhood diarrhea and respiratory illnesses: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2007;119:1120-30.
3.	Roohani N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R, Schulin R. Zinc and its importance for human health: An integrative review. J Res Med Sci 2013;18:144-57.
4.	Prasad AS. Zinc and immunity. Mol Cell Biochem 1998;188:63-9.
5.	Beck FW, Prasad AS, Kaplan J, Fitzgerald JT, Brewer GJ. Changes in cytokine production and T cell subpopulations in experimentally induced zinc-deficient humans. Am J Physiol 1997;272:E1002-7.
6.	de Moura JE, de Moura EN, Alves CX, Vale SH, Dantas MM, Silva Ade A, et al. Oral zinc supplementation may improve cognitive function in schoolchildren. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013;155:23-8.
7.	Yanagisawa H. Clinical aspects of zinc deficiency. J Jap Med Assoc 2002;127:261-8.
8.	Sriram K, Lonchyna VA. Micronutrient supplementation in adult nutrition therapy: Practical considerations. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2009;33:548-62.
9.	Singla PN, Chand P, Kumar A, Kachhawaha JS. Serum, zinc and copper levels in children with protein energy malnutrition. Indian J Pediatr 1996;63:199-203.
10.	Kelishadi R, Majdzadeh R, Motlagh ME, Heshmat R, Aminaee T, Ardalan G, et al. Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for assessment of determinants of weight disorders among children and adolescents: The Caspian-IV study. Int J Prev Med 2012;3:699-705.
11.	Wardle J, Guthrie CA, Sanderson S, Rapoport L. Development of the children's eating behaviour questionnaire. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001;42:963-70.
12.	Khademian M, Farhangpajouh N, Shahsanaee A, Bahreynian M, Mirshamsi M, Kelishadi R, et al. Effects of zinc supplementation on subscales of anorexia in children: A randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci 2014;30:1213-7.
13.	Treska E, Vaso K, Buzo S, Emiri A. Zinc deficiency analysis in serum blood, using two different methods. J Env Prot Ecol 2014;15:309-16.
14.	Wessells KR, King JC, Brown KH. Development of a plasma zinc concentration cutoff to identify individuals with severe zinc deficiency based on results from adults undergoing experimental severe dietary zinc restriction and individuals with acrodermatitis enteropathica. J Nutr 2014;144:1204-10.
15.	Yin W, Hewson L, Linforth R, Taylor M, Fisk ID. Effects of aroma and taste, independently or in combination, on appetite sensation and subsequent food intake. Appetite 2017;114:265-74.
16.	Arsenault JE, López de Romaña D, Penny ME, Van Loan MD, Brown KH. Additional zinc delivered in a liquid supplement, but not in a fortified porridge, increased fat-free mass accrual among young Peruvian children with mild-to-moderate stunting. J Nutr 2008;138:108-14.
17.	Willows ND, Barbarich BN, Wang LC, Olstad DL, Clandinin MT. Dietary inadequacy is associated with anemia and suboptimal growth among preschool-aged children in Yunnan province, China. Nutr Res 2011;31:88-96.
18.	Dossa RA, Ategbo EA, van Raaij JM, de Graaf C, Hautvast JG. Effects of multivitamin-multimineral supplementation on appetite of stunted young Beninese children. Appetite 2002;39:111-7.
19.	Umeta M, West CE, Haidar J, Deurenberg P, Hautvast JG. Zinc supplementation and stunted infants in Ethiopia: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355:2021-6.
20.	Shamah-Levy T, Villalpando S, Jáuregui A, Rivera JA. Overview of the nutritional status of selected micronutrients in Mexican children in 2006. Salud Publica Mex 2012;54:146-51.
21.	Dossa RA, Ategbo EA, van Raaij JM, de Graaf C, Hautvast JG. An appropriate tool for appetite testing and evaluation in young children in Benin. Appetite 2002;38:99-109.
22.	University of California at Davis. Vitamin and Mineral Supplement use Among Children Attending Elementary School in Korea: A Survey of Eating Habits and Dietary Consequences: Departments of Nutrition and Internal Medicine. Davis CA95616, USA University of California at Davis; 2002. p. 433-86.
23.	Zhang XZ, Yang Y, Jiang YM, Shi H, Chang L, Li J, et al. Surveillance of childhood blood lead levels in Chengdu, China in 2010-2011. Singapore Med J 2015;56:407-11.
24.	Birch LL. Child feeding practices and the etiology of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006;14:343-4.

Advanced Biomedical Research