Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among type 2 diabetes mellitus

Authors

1 Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Evidence for Population Health Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Raiology and Pathology, Medipol International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

2 Department of Gastroenterology, Medipol International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

3 Qatar Diabetic Associations and Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar

4 Department of Raiology and Pathology, Medipol International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

5 Department of Endocrinology, Medipol International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

Abstract

Background: Several conducted studies have reported a higher and more frequent Helicobacter pylori infection rate in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and its association between H. pylori infection and T2DM. Materials and Methods: A case and control study was conducted based on 529 T2DM patients and 529 control. H. pylori was assessed by Serum anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA. Furthermore, patients were investigated for fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum cholesterol, and other biochemistry parameters. Results: The findings showed a positive significantly higher antibody titer for H. pylori infection (IgA > 250) in diabetic patients (50.7%) compared to controls (38.2%) (P < 0.001). Similarly, H. pylori infection for IgG > 300 titer was higher in T2DM patients (73.5%) compared to controls 61.8%) (P < 0.001). Further, the mean values were statistically significant diabetes with H. pylori infection for IgG > 300 titer and IgA > 250 titer, regarding Vitamin D, HbA1C (P < 0.001), FBG, calcium, creatinine, total cholesterol, LHDL, triglyceride levels, uric acid, bilirubin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The diabetic patients showed higher prevalence rate of symptoms than controls included: hypertension (14.3%), vomiting (15.5%), muscular symptoms (35.2%), bloating/distension (13.2%), abdominal pain (17%), nausea (9.6%), anemia (17%), kidneys (20.8%), chronic bronchitis (14.7%), gastrointestinal (23.8%), and diarrhea (20.4%). Conclusions: The current study revealed that H. pylori infections were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to controls. Furthermore, T2DM patients infected with H. pylori positive reported a higher prevalence rate of symptoms than H. pylori negative.

Keywords

1.
Devrajani BR, Shah SZ, Soomro AA, Devrajani T. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A risk factor for Helicobacter pylori infection: a hospital based case-control study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2010;30:22-6.  Back to cited text no. 1
    
2.
Vafaeimanesh J, Parham M, Seyyedmajidi M, Bagherzadeh M. Helicobacter pylori Infection and Insulin Resistance in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Population. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:391250.  Back to cited text no. 2
    
3.
Zhou X, Zhang C, Wu J, Zhang G. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetes res Clin Pract 2013;99:200-8.  Back to cited text no. 3
    
4.
Agrawal RP, Sharma R, Garg D, Pokharna R, Kochar DK, Kothari RP. role of Helicobacter pylori in causation of diabetic gastropathies and non-gastrointestinal complications in type 2 diabetes. J Indian Med Assoc 2010;108:140-3.  Back to cited text no. 4
    
5.
Bener A, Micallef R, Afifi M, Derbala M, Al-Mulla HM, Usmani MA. Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Helicobacter pylori infection. Turk J Gastroenterol 2007;18:225-9.  Back to cited text no. 5
    
6.
Jafarzadeh A, Rezayati MT, Nemati M. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in south-east of Iran. Acta Med Iran 2013;51:892-6.  Back to cited text no. 6
    
7.
Marrollo M, Latella G, Melideo D, Storelli E, Iannarelli R, Stornelli P, et al. Increased prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with diabetes mellitus. Dig Liver Dis 2001;33:21-9.  Back to cited text no. 7
    
8.
Vafaeimanesh J, Parham M, Bagherzadeh M. Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence: Is it different in diabetics and non-diabetics? Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015;19:364-8.  Back to cited text no. 8
    
9.
Jeon CY, Haan MN, Cheng C, Clayton ER, Mayeda ER, Miller JW,et alHelicobacter pylori infection is associated with an increased rate of diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35:520-5.  Back to cited text no. 9
    
10.
Hosseininasab Nodoushan SA, Nabavi A. The interaction of Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adv Biomed Res 2019;8:15.  Back to cited text no. 10
    
11.
Fernandini-Paredes GG, Mezones-Holguin E, Vargas-Gonzales R, Pozo-Briceño E, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, are glycosylated hemoglobin levels higher for those with Helicobacter pylori infection than those without infection? Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:144-6.  Back to cited text no. 11
    
12.
Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: A joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; national heart, lung, and blood institute; american heart association; world heart federation; international atherosclerosis society; and international association for the study of obesity. Circulation 2009;120:1640-5.  Back to cited text no. 12
    
13.
Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome-a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the international diabetes federation. Diabet Med 2006;23:469-80.  Back to cited text no. 13
    
14.
Andersen LP, Espersen F, Souckova A, Sedlackova M, Soucek A. isolation and preliminary evaluation of a low-molecular-mass antigen preparation for improved detection of Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin g antibodies. clin diagn lab immunol 1995;2:156-9.  Back to cited text no. 14
    
15.
Hafiz QM, Ikram O, Zia MT, Theba FK, Ikram N, Tariq A. Helicobacter pylori infection among type 2 diabetics: A case control study. Int J Res Med Sci 2020;8:1047-50.  Back to cited text no. 15
    
16.
Ko GT, Chan FK, Chan WB, Sung JJ, Tsoi CL, To KF, et alHelicobacter pylori infection in chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Endocr Res 2001;27:171-7.  Back to cited text no. 16
    
17.
Ebule IA, Djune FA, Njeambosay BA, Doh GN, Metaghue G. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes mellitus type 2 subjects in yaounde cameroon using a panel of serum biomarkers (PGII, HPIGG): A case control study.J Clin Gastroenterol Treat 2017;3:53-8.  Back to cited text no. 17
    
18.
Wan Z, Song l, Hu L, Hu M, Lei X, Huang Y, et alHelicobacter pylori infection is associated with diabetes among chinese adults. J Diabetes Investig 2020;11:199-205.  Back to cited text no. 18
    
19.
Cheng KP, Yang YJ, Hung HC, Lin CH, Wu CT, Hung MH,et alHelicobacter pylori eradication improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients with asymptomatic active Helicobacter pylori infection. J Diabetes Investig 2019;10:1092-101.  Back to cited text no. 19
    
20.
Senturk O, Canturk Z, Cetinarslan B, Ercin C, Hulagu S, Canturk NZ. Prevalence and comparisons of five different diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori in diabetic patients. Endocr Res 2001;27:179-89.  Back to cited text no. 20
    
21.
Quatrini M, Boarino V, Ghidoni A, Baldassarri AR, Bianchi PA, Bardella MT. Helicobacter pylori prevalence in patients with diabetes and its relationship to dyspeptic symptoms. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001;32:215-7.  Back to cited text no. 21
    
22.
So WY, Tong PC, Ko GT, Ma RC, Ozaki R, Kong AP, et al. Low plasma adiponectin level, white blood cell count and Helicobacter pylori titre independently predict abnormal pancreatic beta-cell function. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009;86:89-95.  Back to cited text no. 22