The circulating midkine in the newly diagnosed celiac disease: Clinical implications

Hassan Emami, Mohammad; Soltani, Shima; Eskandari, Nahid; Masjedi, Mohsen

The circulating midkine in the newly diagnosed celiac disease: Clinical implications

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isahan, Iran

² Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background: Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic inflammatory small intestine disorder caused by an abnormal immune response to an array of the epitopes of the wheat gluten and related proteins of rye and barley in genetically susceptible individuals. Midkine (MK) is an angiogenic cytokine, chemotactic in the direction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages, and a T-regulatory cell suppressor. So far, a possible relationship with CeD has not yet been explored. Diagnosis of CeD is based on serologic test in a clinical setting suggestive of CeD and confirmatory histologic examination of the duodenal biopsy. Sometimes, genetic testing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 may be needed. The objective of this study was to measure and compare the circulating MK in the celiac patients and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Twenty newly untreated CeD cases and 20 normal controls were enrolled in this study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the circulating MK in the celiac patients and controls. Results: There was insignificant difference in the circulating MK between the patients and controls (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The study results suggest that the MK marker does not have any diagnostic value in CeD activity to be used at the time of diagnosis or during follow-ups.

Keywords

References

1.	Hossein-Nataj H, Masjedi M, Emami MH, Mokhtari M, Alsahebfosoul F. Cell Density Counts of the Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in the Celiac Patients. Iran J Immunol 2019;16(2):117-26.
2.	Mustalahti K, Catassi C, Reunanen A, Fabiani E, Heier M, McMillan S, et al. The prevalence of celiac disease in Europe: Results of a centralized, international mass screening project. Ann Med 2010;42(8):587-95.
3.	Rajabi Dehnavi P, Baradaran A, Zafarian A, Namazi M, Ferdowsian S, Aminorroaya A. Prevalence of coexisting autoimmune disease in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. J Prev Epidemiol 2019;4(2):e21.
4.	Emami MH, Karimi S, Kouhestani S. Is routine duodenal biopsy necessary for the detection of celiac disease in patients presenting with iron deficiency anemia? IJPM 2012;3(4):273.
5.	Fasano A, Catassi C. Celiac disease. N Engl J Med 2012;367(25):2419-26.
6.	Marsh MN. Gluten, major histocompatibility complex, and the small intestine: A molecular and immunobiologic approach to the spectrum of gluten sensitivity ('celiac sprue'). Gastroenterology 1992;102(1):330-54.
7.	Lo W, Sano K, Lebwohl B, Diamond B, Green PH. Changing presentation of adult celiac disease. Dig Dis Sci 2003;48(2):395-8.
8.	Ludvigsson JF, Brandt L, Montgomery SM. Symptoms and signs in individuals with serology positive for celiac disease but normal mucosa. BMC gastroenterol 2009;9(1):57.
9.	Fasano A. Systemic autoimmune disorders in celiac disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2006;22(6):674-9.
10.	Walker MM, Murray JA. An update in the diagnosis of coeliac disease. Histopathology. 2011;59(2):166-79.
11.	Trynka G, Hunt KA, Bockett NA, Romanos J, Mistry V, Szperl A, et al. Dense genotyping identifies and localizes multiple common and rare variant association signals in celiac disease. Nat Genet 2011;43(12):1193.
12.	Kadomatsu K, Muramatsu T. Midkine and pleiotrophin in neural development and cancer. Cancer lett 2004;204(2):127-43.
13.	Takeuchi H. Midkine and multiple sclerosis. Midkine: From Embryogenesis to Pathogenesis and Therapy. Springer; Br J Pharmacol 2012. p. 143-51.
14.	Kadomatsu K, Huang R-P, Suganuma T, Murata F, Muramatsu T. A retinoic acid responsive gene MK found in the teratocarcinoma system is expressed in spatially and temporally controlled manner during mouse embryogenesis. J Cell Biol 1990;110(3):607-16.
15.	Muramatsu H, Zou P, Suzuki H, Oda Y, Chen G-Y, Sakaguchi N, et al. α4β1-and α6β1-integrins are functional receptors for midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor. J Cell Sci 2004;117(22):5405-15.
16.	Krzystek-Korpacka M, Neubauer K, Matusiewicz M. Circulating midkine in Crohn's disease: Clinical implications. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010;16(2):208-15.
17.	Krzystek-Korpacka M, Neubauer K, Matusiewicz M. Clinical relevance of circulating midkine in ulcerative colitis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47(9):1085-90.
18.	Sato W, Takei Y, Yuzawa Y, Matsuo S, Kadomatsu K, Muramatsu T. Midkine antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide inhibits renal damage induced by ischemic reperfusion. Kidney int 2005;67(4):1330-9.
19.	Shindo E, Nanki T, Kusunoki N, Shikano K, Kawazoe M, Sato H, et al. The growth factor midkine may play a pathophysiological role in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2017;27(1):54-9.

Advanced Biomedical Research