Fabrication and characterization of glycerol/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol-based transparent hydrogel films loaded with silver nanoparticles for antibacterial wound dressing applications

Samadi, Ali; Azandeh, Saeed; Orazizadeh, Mahmoud; Bayati, Vahid; Rafienia, Mohammad; Karami, Masoud Ali

Fabrication and characterization of glycerol/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol-based transparent hydrogel films loaded with silver nanoparticles for antibacterial wound dressing applications

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

² Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

³ Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

Background: Wounds have a bad prognostic nature and excessive discharges whose regular wound dressings are ineffective. Hydrogels are the best candidates for dressing such wounds due to their high water content and ability to exchange substances. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to make a novel hydrogel wound dressing following the integration of various findings on wound healing and the use of regenerative medicine. Materials and Methods: Various compounds were fabricated by glycerol/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and then characterized to obtain the optimal composition using several techniques, including a water vapor passage test, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption, tensile strength, biodegradability, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and antibacterial test. Results: The findings revealed the optimal dressing ratio. Better antibacterial activity was found for the silver nanoparticle (AgNP) dressing. Conclusion: Our new fabricated dressing, glycerol/chitosan/PVA hydrogel loaded with AgNPs, exhibited satisfactory wound healing properties.

Keywords

References

1.	Pawlina W, Ross MH. Histology: A Text and Atlas: With Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology. United States: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2018.
2.	Schilling J. Wound Care Made Incredibly Visual. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
3.	Nejaddehbashi F, Hashemitabar M, Bayati V, Moghimipour E, Movaffagh J, Orazizadeh M, et al. Incorporation of silver sulfadiazine into an electrospun composite of polycaprolactone as an antibacterial scaffold for wound healing in rats. Cell J 2020;21:379-90.
4.	Marimuthu S, Antonisamy AJ, Malayandi S, Rajendran K, Tsai PC, Pugazhendhi A, et al. Silver nanoparticles in dye effluent treatment: A review on synthesis, treatment methods, mechanisms, photocatalytic degradation, toxic effects and mitigation of toxicity. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020;205:111-823.
5.	Winter GD. Formation of the scab and the rate of epithelization of superficial wounds in the skin of the young domestic pig. Nature 1962;193:293-4.
6.	Boateng JS, Matthews KH, Stevens HN, Eccleston GM. Wound healing dressings and drug delivery systems: A review. J Pharm Sci 2008;97:2892-923.
7.	Varaprasad K, Jayaramudu T, Kanikireddy V, Toro C, Sadiku ER. Alginate-based composite materials for wound dressing application: A mini review. Carbohydr Polym 2020;236:116-225.
8.	Benltoufa S, Miled W, Trad M, Slama RB, Fayala F. Chitosan hydrogel-coated cellulosic fabric for medical end-use: Antibacterial properties, basic mechanical and comfort properties. Carbohyd Polymers 2020;227:115-352.
9.	He J, Shi M, Liang Y, Guo B. Conductive adhesive self-healing nanocomposite hydrogel wound dressing for photothermal therapy of infected full-thickness skin wounds. Chem Eng J 2020;394:124-888.
10.	de Lima R, Seabra AB, Durán N. Silver nanoparticles: A brief review of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of chemically and biogenically synthesized nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2012;32:867-79.
11.	Rai M, Yadav A, Gade A. Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials. Biotechnol Adv 2009;27:76-83.
12.	Dahm H. Silver Nanoparticles in Wound Infections: Present Status and Future Prospects. Nanotechnology in Skin, Soft Tissue, and Bone Infections. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2020. p. 151-68.
13.	Wichterle O, Lim D. Hydrophilic gels for biological use. Nature 1960;185:117-8.
14.	Majumder S, Ranjan Dahiya U, Yadav S, Sharma P, Ghosh D, Rao GK, et al. Zinc oxide nanoparticles functionalized on hydrogel grafted silk fibroin fabrics as efficient composite dressing. Biomolecules 2020;10:710.
15.	Kannon GA, Garrett AB. Moist wound healing with occlusive dressings. A clinical review. Dermatol Surg 1995;21:583-90.
16.	Xu R, Xia H, He W, Li Z, Zhao J, Liu B, et al. Controlled water vapor transmission rate promotes wound-healing via wound re-epithelialization and contraction enhancement. Sci Rep 2016;6:245-296.
17.	Porter JR, Ruckh TT, Popat KC. Bone tissue engineering: A review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies. Biotechnol Prog 2009;25:1539-60.
18.	Humphries RM, Ambler J, Mitchell SL, Castanheira M, Dingle T, Hindler JA, et al. CLSI methods development and standardization working group best practices for evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility tests. J Clin Microbiol 2018;56:e01934-17.
19.	Wayne P. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; 2011.
20.	Singh B, Pal L. Sterculia crosslinked PVA and PVA-poly(AAm) hydrogel wound dressings for slow drug delivery: Mechanical, mucoadhesive, biocompatible and permeability properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012;9:9-21.
21.	Rafati Z, Sirousazar M, Hassan ZM, Kheiri F. Honey-Loaded Egg White/Poly (vinyl alcohol)/clay bionanocomposite hydrogel wound dressings: In vitro and In vivo evaluations. J Polymers Environ 2020;28:32-46.
22.	Jin G, Prabhakaran MP, Ramakrishna S. Stem cell differentiation to epidermal lineages on electrospun nanofibrous substrates for skin tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2011;7:3113-22.
23.	Luo Z, Liu J, Lin H, Ren X, Tian H, Liang Y, et al. In situ fabrication of Nano ZnO/BCM biocomposite based on MA modified bacterial cellulose membrane for antibacterial and wound healing. Int J Nanomed 2020;15:1-15.
24.	Su Z, Han Q, Zhang F, Meng X, Liu B. Preparation, characterization and antibacterial properties of 6-deoxy-6-arginine modified chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 2020;230:115-635.
25.	Dong Y, Zhuang H, Hao Y, Zhang L, Yang Q, Liu Y, et al. Poly (N-Isopropyl-Acrylamide)/Poly (γ-Glutamic Acid) thermo-sensitive hydrogels loaded with superoxide dismutase for wound dressing application. Int J Nanomed 2020;15:1939.
26.	El-Lakany SA, Abd-Elhamid AI, Kamoun EA, El-Fakharany EM, Samy WM, Elgindy NA. α-Bisabolol-loaded cross-linked zein nanofibrous 3d-scaffolds for accelerating wound healing and tissue regeneration in rats. Int J Nanomed 2019;14:8251.

Advanced Biomedical Research