Original Article: Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using nisin and its antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Authors
Mohamad Yazdi
Amin Yousefvand
Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10.4103/abr.abr_99_21
Abstract
 Background: Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in a wide range of biological applications, including their use as antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of green synthesis AgNPs using nisin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Materials and Methods: In order to synthesize Ag-nisin, a 1 mg/ml nisin solution was mixed with a 1-mM silver nitrate solution and incubated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was employed to determine the presence of various biomolecules around AgNPs. The AgNPs were morphologically observed and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy assessment, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis. The microdilution broth method based on CLSI principles was used for the assessment of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of nisin on P. aeruginosa isolates. Results: Field emission scanning electron microscope showed spherical shaped nanoparticles. DLS revealed that the average size of nanoparticles was 37.2 nm. The zeta potential of AgNPs was − 13.3 mV. FTIR findings revealed that nitrogen atoms of nisin's amine and amide groups are responsible for the capping and stability of the nanoparticles. The MIC and MBC showed that Ag/nisin nanoparticles had higher antimicrobial activity than nisin or AgNPs alone. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that the antibacterial activity of nisin can be increased by assembling it into the AgNP interface using a green chemical synthesis method. As a result, the technique may be used to develop an antibacterial formulation to enhance the effectiveness of nisin. 

Keywords

  1. Lee SH, Jun BH. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis and application for nanomedicine. Int J Molecular Sci 2019;20:865.
  2. Tang S, Zheng J. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles: Structural effects. Adv Healthc Mater 2018;7:e1701503.
  1. Pang Z, Raudonis R, Glick BR, Lin TJ, Cheng Z. Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2019;37:177‑92.
  1. Shin JM, Gwak JW, Kamarajan P, Fenno JC, Rickard AH, Kapila YL. Biomedical applications of nisin. J Appl Microbiol 2016;120:1449‑65.
  1. Abou El‑Nour KM, Eftaiha AA, Al‑Warthan A, Ammar RA. Synthesis and applications of silver nanoparticles. Arabian J Chem 2010;3:135‑40.
  1. Iravani S, Korbekandi H, Mirmohammadi SV, Zolfaghari B. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Chemical, physical and biological methods. Res Pharm Sci 2014;9:385‑406.
  1. Sarvestani A, Karimian A, Mohammadi R, Cheraghipour K, Zivdri M, Nourmohammadi M, et al. Scolicidal effects of Cassia fistula and Urtica dioica extracts on protoscoleces of hydatid cysts. J Parasit Dis. 2021;45:59‑64.
  1. Iravani S. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Green Chem 2011;13:2638‑50.
  2. Forough M, FAHADI K. Biological and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Turkish J Eng Environ Sci 2011;34:281‑7.
  1. Srikar SK, Giri DD, Pal DB, Mishra PK, Upadhyay SN. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: A review. Green Sustain Chem 2016;6:34‑56.
  1. Moein M, Imani Fooladi AA, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H. Determining the effects of green chemistry synthesized Ag‑nisin nanoparticle on macrophage cells. Microb Pathog 2018;114:414‑9.
  1. Wikler MA. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: Approved standard. CLSI (NCCLS) 2006;26:M7‑A7.
  1. Tolaymat TM, El Badawy AM, Genaidy A, Scheckel KG, Luxton TP, Suidan M. An evidence‑based environmental perspective of manufactured silver nanoparticle in syntheses and applications: A systematic review and critical appraisal of peer‑reviewed scientific papers. Sci Total Environ 2010;408:999‑1006.
  1. Franci G, Falanga A, Galdiero S, Palomba L, Rai M, Morelli G, et al. Silver nanoparticles as potential antibacterial agents. Molecules 2015;20:8856‑74.
  1. Khorrami S, Zarrabi A, Khaleghi M, Danaei M, Mozafari MR. Selective cytotoxicity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against the MCF‑7 tumor cell line and their enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Int J Nanomedicine 2018;13:8013‑24.
  1. Rasheed QJ. Synthesis and optimization of nisin‑silver nanoparticles at different conditions. Eng Technol J 2015;33:331‑41. 17. Patil SV, Borase HP, Patil CD, Salunke BK. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using latex from few Euphorbian plants and their antimicrobial potential. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012;167:776‑90.
  2. Pandit R, Rai M, Santos CA. Enhanced antimicrobial activity of the food‑protecting nisin peptide by bioconjugation with silver nanoparticles. Environ Chem Lett 2017;15:443‑52.
  1. Arakha M, Borah SM, Saleem M, Jha AN, Jha S. Interfacial assembly at silver nanoparticle enhances the antibacterial efficacy of nisin. Free Radic Biol Med 2016;101:434‑45. 
Advanced Biomedical Research
Volume 2022, December
Autumn 2022
Pages 1-5